Wasseem

A portion of his profession moves Include filling in as an organist to the Duke of Whimper from 1708 to 1 71 7, moving to Cotton to e the pioneer of an ensemble to Prince Leopold from 1717 to 1 723, and afterward Bach was selected Cantor of the SST Thomas School. By 1725, he has composed 2 complete patterns of cantatas. By 1729 he has composed 4 complete patterns of cantatas (200 cantatas! ). In 1748, Bach was losing his visual perception and in the end went dazzle. He passed on in 1750 at the age of 65.Bach's Lutheran confidence was a significant part of his music life, wherein he composes â€Å"To the Glory of God† in a large number of his works. He was an ace of contrapuntal expressions and made the all around tempered tuning framework we use right up 'til the present time. In the course of his life Bach has made more than 1000 melodic works. Introduction and Fugue in C minor Is a melody In Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier written In 1722. It contains 24 preface and fugue which shows the Well-Tempered tuning framework that Bach help create.The Well-Tempered tuning Is not accurate, which makes It conceivable to play every one of the 12 significant and minor keys-which was never done. The Prelude in C minor beginnings with quick sixteenth notes in unending movement. A monophonic connection occurs in measure 25 which prompts exacting impersonation until measure 28. After, it comes back with quick 1 sixth notes in referral movement followed by a 2 measure cadenza-like section beginning on measure 34.Near the finish of the Prelude there is a tonic pedal point and afterward the preface closes with a Picador finishing (a minor piece finishing with a tonic significant set of three) from C minor to C major. The Fugue starts with a subject made out of 1 sixth and eighth notes. At that point there Is a song In the predominant key with slight change called the apparent answer. The tune proceeds with the countermeasure. The center segment Is felled with successive mat erial In which the subject Is missing. The tonic pedal shows up In the end and the subject Is played one keep going and finishes on E characteristic.

Free Essays on Dowry System

Share SYSTEM In today’s society our convictions are unique in relation to they were during the Elizabethan period. Today, individuals accept that we live in brilliant ages and were preferable of now over we ever were. There are numerous realities that could refute that conviction. Take for instance the endowment framework. It was intended to give the recently marries security and fundamental needs. Today’s society and particularly western one would state that this framework was cold and disparaging to ladies. I imagine that there is not much and disparaging about it, and I likewise know a lot of individuals who wished they had settlement framework before they got hitched. One of those individuals is my significant other which I totally concur with since I recognize what we went through. In addition to the fact that we were living in a remote nation we were down and out and our folks didn’t bolster us. On all that we needed to get hitched with nothing else except for adoration. I truly wish we had an endowment framework, what number of issues would have been understood and how much time would have been spared. Be that as it may, hello everybody merits an exercise throughout everyday life and we took in our own. Love isn't sufficient to get hitched on. Love must be a piece of something greater to work in any case that adoration will end. That’s why I feel that we as society ought to make a share framework so as to make our relationships work. We need something that will cut off the separation and secure the associations. I recommend that we make an obligatory law that says all individuals paying little mind to sex, race, or religion need to open an exceptional record at age 14 and the record must be open for at any rate 4 years. During those 4 years the state must take out 5 % of your check either yours or your folks/watchman paying little heed to what sort of salary it is. You can’t contact the cash until you’re wedded and no uncommon conditions or exceptional treatment for anybody, and if neither you nor your folks have any pay you shouldn’t wed until you do. To be perfectly honest I can’t see w... Free Essays on Dowry System Free Essays on Dowry System Endowment SYSTEM In today’s society our convictions are not quite the same as they were during the Elizabethan time. Today, individuals accept that we live in brilliant ages and were preferable of now over we ever were. There are numerous realities that could refute that conviction. Take for instance the share framework. It was intended to furnish the recently marries with security and fundamental needs. Today’s society and particularly western one would state that this framework was cold and belittling to ladies. I feel that there is not much and disparaging about it, and I additionally know a lot of individuals who wished they had endowment framework before they got hitched. One of those individuals is my better half which I totally concur with since I realize what we went through. In addition to the fact that we were living in a remote nation we were poor and our folks didn’t bolster us. On all that we needed to get hitched with nothing else except for adoration. I truly wish we had an endowment framework, what number of issues would have been comprehended and how much time would have been spared. In any case, hello everybody merits an exercise throughout everyday life and we took in our own. Love isn't sufficient to get hitched on. Love must be a piece of something greater to work in any case that affection will end. That’s why I imagine that we as society ought to make a share framework so as to make our relationships work. We need something that will cut off the separation and secure the associations. I recommend that we make a compulsory law that says all individuals paying little mind to sex, race, or religion need to open an extraordinary record at age 14 and the record must be open for at any rate 4 years. During those 4 years the state must take out 5 % of your check either yours or your folks/gatekeeper paying little mind to what sort of pay it is. You can’t contact the cash until you’re wedded and no uncommon conditions or unique treatment for anybody, and if neither you nor your folks have any pay you shouldn’t wed until you do. To be honest I can’t see w...

On a Week of IHTFP

On a Week of IHTFP Hey all, sorry to be absent for what has it been by now three weeks? Thats inexcusable for a freshman blogger! So I will have to make it up by posting much MORE often it looks like some order might be coming into my life now so this may indeed be possible But now there are a whole two months of MIT to blog about, where to start? So youre thinking about MIT You may have read about the opportunities available to you from the minute that you step onto campus as an MIT student, and perhaps thats why youd like to come. What goes on here is nothing short of amazing. Exciting. Insane. Definitely take a look at the main MIT site and other blog posts (you can even check out my first post, The Land of MIT). Wonderful? Out of this world? No, the question is Can you SURVIVE??? I lied. Thats not the real question. Even though it may seem like it. The answer is YES, you can. People will say this a million times but if you get into MIT, it IS possible. You can survive. The real question is Will you be HAPPY (at least ~50% of the time)??? Theres a reason why MITs motto is IHTFP “I Hate This F***ing Place” or “I Have Truly Found Paradise.” Most of the time, youll agree with one of them. Our emotions are usually at one of these two extremes. When we say that “MIT is hard,” we mean it. You may have to rethink your study skills. Some people just never had to study before they got here. You have to learn to manage your time. This may happen at any college, especially when you move away. Suddenly youre on your own. A million activities are thrown your way, a million possibilities for each minute, and you would go to every single one of them but there are only 24 hours in a day and you also have to get food and get done with everything early enough to get sleep â€" at least some sleep. MIT is just a liiiitle harder than most other colleges, so you have to pset and study too. (I actually believe that MIT is THE hardest college in the world, though someone said theres another school in India which may compare forgot what its called though =/) We all have our reality checks. I mean, the overwhelming trend Ive noticed at MIT is that everyone wants to take the hardest classes that they can even dream of passing. There really is a strong work ethic here. For the most part, the system (or the sanity that a few students seem to have) keeps people in classes based on their level of preparation for each course. For instance, most freshmen choose one of 8 flavors of math (18.01, 18.01A/2A, 18.014, 18.02, 18.022, 18.023, 18.024 â€" the 18.01s are types of single-variable calculus and the 18.02s are types of multi-variable calculus). I came in with Calculus BC and was able to choose from 18.02 (regular calculus), 18.022 (theory and challenging), or 18.023 (calculus with applications). (18.024 is a proof-based course that you can only take after 18.014). In my high school I was in the “honors math” sequence. I liked thinking about calculus and its applications â€" in economics, in general, in everything. Well, anyway, the point is that I heard 18.022 once described as “honors math at MIT.” When I told my advisor I was interested in the class she said, “I dont know. Thats a HARD class.” I guess the MIT freshman mentality was still in me, and I thought, Wouldnt I be wasting my time here if I wasnt challenging myself? Wont this help me be REALLY awesome at EVERYTHING having to do with math later in life? Fast forward a month to OUR FIRST MIT EXAM WEEK EVER (Weekend before) Time to lock myself in my room and do nothing but 18.022 for the test on Tuesday! Wait, theres a chem test on Wednesday? Schrodingers equation I cant do that either, but what I REALLY cant do is math. Chem after math chem after math Oh crap I also have an 18.022 pset DUE ON MONDAY? Guess Ill have to study everything else tomorrow. (Monday morning) YES! PSET HANDED IN! I totally dont know if what I did was right for half of them though. It would be NICE to get the PSET back BEFORE the test not that thats happening Oookay, for the test. Who knows how I had time to attempt this practice test? Anyway, time to compare these practice test questions with the answers pasted on the door of our professors office oh THATS how you do it, I still dont get that, I calculated that wrong, I dont get polar/cylindrical/spherical coordinates yet Im so screwed omg, hey wait the professor messed this part up too so he gave himself a 97 (later Monday) My recitation T.A. gave me entirely DIFFERENT answers for this polar/spherical/cylindrical coordinate question, let me check them theyre still different hey wait he graded himself AGAIN? (Mondays facebook status) My professor got a 94 on his own test! (Monday at 8:30, at Sport Tae Kwon Do PE, trying to decide whether to leave after the first hour or stay for another) Me to 18.022-er: Hey, are you ready for the test? 18.022-er: No. No way. Are you crazy? Are you kidding? Me to other 18.022-er: Are you ready for the test? Other 18.022-er: I actually have the math test and a comp sci test tomorrow and I havent really started studying Me: So Other 18.022-er: But Im probably going to stay for the second hour. Are you? Me: Ha, ha, hahaha! (leaves to study) (Monday at 1) Another 18.022-er: Hey, have you been studying? How much have you been studying? I bet you havent been studying Marcela. Me: Hey! You cant say anything. Ive studied for at least 6 hours by now, by the time I call it quits at 3 itll be 8 I read the whole textbook chapters that cover what were doing in class up till now, I reread them this weekend, I bought notecards and wrote every single important equation or formula on them, I took the practice tests, I met with my T.A. to go over the last three psets.. I think Im ready (Tuesday at 1) Another 18.022-er: You ready? Me: Sure You ready? 18.022-er: No. You ready? Other 18.022-er: I think so Proctor: TEST START GO (Tuesday at 1:55) Professor: Hey, everyone, Im giving you an extra five minutes! (Tuesday at 2:00) Proctor: PENCILS DOWN Tests: *handed up* 18.022-ers: 18.022-ers: X X;;;;;; 18.022-ers: X X;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; (Tuesday at 5) OK, all right. Its time to study CHEM. Ive got to pass one test this week. Ive got to do well on this one. Ugh Im breaking my resolution not to cram but I STUDIED ALL DAY AND ALL NIGHT FOR THAT 18.022 TEST THING OMG AND I SPENT SO MUCH TIME STUDYING AND I CANT BELIEVE HOW MUCH OF MY LIFE I WASTED STUDYING AND OK Marcela go study for chem. (Tuesday at 7) Another 18.022-er: Hey Marcela, the results are online! Can you open them with me? Me: OK! Another 18.022-er: OK, lets count! Me: All right, 1, 2, 3 Us: Me: Oh. Another 18.022-er: AHHH. (Wednesday at 10:30 AM, Im in the student center getting food before the chem (5.111) test at 12) Me: Oh hey 5.111-er! 5.111-er: Hey! Me: You ready for the test? 5.111-er: You know, I studied for days for that test, and I didnt study last night because I had had enough. I think Im ready. Me: And what math are you in? 5.111-er: 18.02. Why? Oh, and by the way, I got a 100 on our last test. I think a lot of people got hundreds. It was a pretty straightforward test. Me: . X____X 5.111-er: Hey, by the way, do you know what time it is? Youve got your calculator maybe that has the time? Me: Check it out, I dont know if it does though =/ Ive gotta study study STUDY (Wednesday at 11:30) 5.111-er: Lets go! Me: OK! Wait. Wheres my calculator? *looks in bag* 5.111-er: Im sure its in your bag somewhere. Where else could it be? Its not on the table. Me: But I dont seee it Ah, all right, Ill look later. (Wednesday at 11:55) Me: ZOMG WHERES MY CALCULATOR. 5.111 TA Heres a calculator you can use *hands me a scientific calculator* Me: YAYYY Wait how do you multiply things by 10^10? And wait why are these numbers disappearing after I press add or subtract? Ahhh why is time passing so fast OK Im just going to add up the powers of ten and multiply all the other numbers and then combine them and hope that I dont make stupid mistakes or run out of time (Wednesday at 12:55) Me: *rushed through the problems and just ran out of time* (Wednesday at 1:00) Me: NOW we get our psets back? And I FAILED this pset and I get it back NOW? Wow, Im going to check ALL of these psets with my 18.022 friends from now on (Wednesday at 5) Voicemail from 5.111-er from 2: AHHHH MARCELA I HAVE TWO CALCULATORS!!!!!!! (Wednesday at 11) Physics prelab english reading english writing omg OMG I CANT TAKE ANYMOREEEE (Thursday at 1) Professor: I owe you guys a BIG apology. That test was too long. As long as youre doing well on the psets, dont worry about it. Me after class: Er I didnt do too well on the last two psets even though I just barely passed the test by four points (the passing grade was a 42) Professor: Well, that might be a problem. You might have to devote more time to the class. Me: Ive been spending a LOT of time on the class. You dont even KNOW. Professor: Well, I would love it if you would stay, but if you want to switch to 18.02 you have to take the test theyre giving in an hour. Its the last test that you can take to get into 18.02. (an hour later, taking the 18.02 test) Me: Wait how do you take the inverse matrix of a 44 and how do you maximize this with dot products oh man I forgot everything in high school and were not learning this now and Im going to fail this test even worse than the other test (after the test) Me: *no energy or willpower to even say IHTFP* (Thursday at about 7) Friends: Hey, want to play DDR? Me: YES! (Friday at 12:30 AM) Me: *gets back from DDR* Me: *goes into kitchen* TV which is on: *plays The Fugitive* Me: OMG THE FUGITIVE. The Fugitive: *is watched* Me at 3 I cant take another half hour. Bedtime Friday-Sunday: LONG WEEKEND!!! Long weekend: Apple pie baking, sleeping (16 hours on Saturday), more movies, running a race for charity Me: *dreams I have Truly Found Paradise* So I ended up staying in 18.022. Before I was hesitant to ask for help, but now I work with pset groups and readily ask any and all of my friends for advice. And sometimes I can offer insights too. (Sometimes.) Perhaps this is the best way to go because: 1) First term is PASS/NO RECORD!!! 2) The class really IS interesting, especially once you start catching on =) Will it apply in real life in any special way that 18.02 would not? Perhaps not unless youre a mathematician but still, its interesting. My goal is to PASS! One thing I wanted to show you is that its important that MIT is the way it is that we dont just work hard, but we party hard. Partying doesnt mean heading out to the nearest frat party every weekend (many people but not all do!) Partying means taking time to do FUN STUFF. Hanging out with friends and having a life. Forgetting about work for a little while to take the time to hang out with the amazing people that you meet here. Not every weekend is a three day weekend, and everyone has to study at some point, but you have to LIVE. Enjoy your freedom those tests dont matter in the long run (at least freshman year! XD). Good morning!

The Organized And Unorganized Retail Potential Of India Essay

1.7 THE ORGANIZED AND UNORGANIZED RETAILING POTENTIAL IN INDIA: The position of importance occupied by the unorganized retailer may be gathered from the fact that from the numerical standpoint they account for 93% in 2012. While it is admitted that many of these units are small, and the actual turnover low, taken in the mass the results are of first class importance in the economy of the nation. Owing to their local character they are frequently in a better position to satisfy local demands; supervision is comparatively easy, and they are saved the costs and time expended by the larger departmental stores and kindred organizations by the elimination of routine procedure common to these. Then we have the undoubted advantage of the personal touch especially in a family business, where also decisions relating to general policy, buying etc. can be quickly made as occasions arise. Due to changes in the socio economic factors and changing market trends, the excellent opportunities are available for the growth of organized retailing in India. The growth of organized retailing in India in driven by the two main factors – rapid urbanization and benefits of conveniences which the consumers cannot resist. The retail pie is large enough for everyone to get a slice. Though organized retail will grow at much faster rate of 20% plus rate, but the unorganized retailing is the backbone of the trade, it will also see a very good growth in terms of value. Table -1 :Share of RetailShow MoreRelatedOrganized Retail Sector Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the entry of organized retail sector in India, in unorganized retail sector, millions of people are forced to get their livelihood in the informal way as this was the sector where easy entry was possible with low capital and infrastructure needs and it acted as shelter for many unemployed. 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TheyRead MoreMarketing Agencies Should Collaborate With Organizations Of Unorganized Retailers For Direct Procurement From Suppliers Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesassociations of unorganized retailers for direct procurement from suppliers and farmers. Government marketing agencies should collaborate with these co-operatives for this purpose. 2. Ensure better credit at reasonable rates availability to unorganized from banks and micro credit institutions through innovation banking solutions for expansion and modernization of traditional retailers. Government can generate the revenues by levy a cess on the VAT on the goods sold by large organized retail sector inRead MorePotential Between India s Tier II And Tier IIi Cities Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagespotential in India’s tier-II and tier-III cities as well. The greater availability of personal credit and a growing vehicle population providing improved mobility also contribute to a trend towards annual retail sales growth of 12.2 percent. An increasing number of people in India are turning to the services sector for employment due to the relative low compensation offered by the traditional agriculture and manufacturing sectors. The organized retail market is growing at 35 percent annually whileRead MoreA Microeconomic Analysis of Indian Retail Industry3316 Words   |  14 PagesMODERN RETAIL MICRO ECONOMICS PROJECT REPORT ABSTRACT The growing number of modern retail outlets in India on the one hand and frequent sale seasons and talks of underperformance on the other point to a mixed bag and make us wonder whether the sector is on the right growth trajectory. In this report, rather than providing with just the facts, we have tried to understand the modern retail sector from an economist’s point of view and visualize its future-whetherRead MoreThe Changing Trends Of Retailing Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagestypes of retail organization with which is concerned could hardly be said to present a picture of long-established and stable conditions, but rather one of a branch of commerce, in a state of rapid development. It is a comparatively easy task to catalogue the various types of retail organization and trading policy, and even to estimate their relative importance, it is a much more difficult one to attempt to interpret contemporary trends which are making for change. But the problems of retail tradingR ead MoreThe Largest Private Industry Of India And Second Largest Employer After Agriculture2167 Words   |  9 PagesRetailing is the largest private industry in India and second largest employer after agriculture. This sector contributes to around 10 per cent of GDP and 6-7 per cent of employment. With over 15 million retail outlets, India has the highest retail outlet density in the world. This sector witnessed significant development in the past 10 years – from small unorganized family owned retail formats to organized retailing. Liberalization of the economy, rise in per capita income and growing consumerismRead MoreShopping Malls5817 Words   |  24 Pagesmiddle ages, though it was not called so. The concept of departmental stores came up in the 19th century with the Industrial Revolution. Consumers wanted a better shopping experience and this demand gave rise to the emergence of shopping malls in India. Originally the first of the shopping malls was opened in Paris. Then the trend followed in the other metros over the world, and there was a spree of shopping malls coming up at various places. In this age of mass production and mass consumption,Read MoreFdi in Multi Brand Retail3168 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis of FDI in Multi Brand Retail in India Ms. Anita Nyati, Lecturer (Business Administration) ABSTRACT Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the outcome of the mutual interest of multinational firms and host countries. The current debatable issue in India is whether to permit FDI in Multi Brand Retail (MBR) or not. This paper provides a study of various aspects of FDI in Multi Brand Retail. Firstly the paper examines the present set up of retail sector in India. Further it focuses on the benefitsRead MoreFab India Case Study1422 Words   |  6 PagesFAB INDIA Company profile †¢ History In 1958, well before American companies were sourcing from India, John Bissell left his position as a buyer for Macy’s New York to work as a consultant for the Ford Foundation in order to develop India’s export potential in its emerging textile industry. What Bissell discovered was a village-based industry with a profusion of skills hidden from the world.      Determined to showcase Indian handloom textiles while providing equitable employment to traditional

Internship Psychology and Intern Essay - 3268 Words

Psychology Internship Reaction Paper By Eric N. Self Liberty University Psyc-499 Abstract The following paper will be a reaction to the experiences within the Psychology Internship. Several topics will be covered to include behaviors that were observed as well as reasoning for said behaviors. This paper will also encompass what the overall benefit was to the intern and what, if any, changes could be made to the experience to allow a more well rounded experience. The intern involved in the Internship requirement will outline a number of topics that were covered that were highly instrumental to the overall experience and how such an experience has changed him and his overall view of the next step in his process. The intern will†¦show more content†¦This young lady was a product of a broken home, mother left approximately 12 years ago, leaving two children behind to be raised by their father. The children were never able to establish any real relationship with their mother as she lived in Northern Virginia and the children lived several hours south. The dynamics tha t were created by this scenario would ultimately cause this young girl to develop several very disturbing behaviors to include deceitfulness, manipulation, overt sexual behaviors, and an extreme desire to be accepted by the opposite sex. Add to this situation is the fact that her father is now incarcerated for molesting the eldest daughter who is now 20. The 15 year old in question was made aware of the relationship approximately 2 years ago and has been used as a pawn and somewhat of a confidant by both the victim and the father. The 15 year old girl now resides in her uncle’s (the intern) home with his wife and 3 other children. The path to where she is now has been very difficult for her; following her father’s arrest she was sent to her mother’s home along with her brother, while there, the negative behaviors created a very divisive atmosphere. The girl involved was never able to adapt to the new home with her mother and boyfriend, partly because of the mother’s physica l and emotional absence most of her life and the lack of positive parenting byShow MoreRelatedBecoming A Counselor, Therapist, Or Psychiatrist886 Words   |  4 Pages As a sophomore in college, I have a good idea what my current career goal is, related to my major in psychology, and how I think an internship will help me reach this goal. My overall career goal, or dream, is to combine my love and passion for music with my desire to help people. My major in psychology is how I plan on reaching my goal of helping people by possibly becoming a counselor, therapist, or psychiatrist. 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The Effects of Standardized Tests on Education Free Essays

Standardized tests have been debated and argued for as many years as they have existed. It is worthwhile to look at some of the arguments for both sides and find out if there can be some middle ground. Two important factors of standardized tests are the way the tests are administered and how the results are handled. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Standardized Tests on Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now These two issues may be more important than the tests themselves. There must be ways to have accountability in most areas of society. In schools, we need to know if teachers are teaching and if students are learning. There has to be some way to judge whether the system is working. Standardized tests can show students’ strengths and weaknesses. Ideally, teachers then develop strategies to address the needs of the student that the test has outlined. These tests can help predict selection at college, justification for scholarships, and selection for employment. They can document achievement, both for the student and the teacher. â€Å"The fundamental ideas behind the construction and use of tests are not beyond our understanding†. Says Andrew J. Strenio Jr.  These tests â€Å"certify that the examinee does have the requisite skills and competencies needed to graduate from high school programs, practice in an occupation or profession, or receive elevated status within a profession†. (Defending Standardized Testing; Phelps, Richard. We could not function in society without some basic standards and these standards need to be uniform throughout our society. Chauncey and Dobbin write in their book Testing: It’s Place in Education Today:â€Å"Every school and almost every teacher uses a test at some point in the process of planning instruction that will fit the student and his capacities†. Standardized testing is just a larger scale for comparison. It offers feedback to the student and the school system about where achievement is in certain areas. But it should not be the only criteria for what we consider success. There is a great deal of criticism of standardized tests. Making test scores public is a way to see them as indicators of school quality. This has increased their value 100% but not in a particularly good way. Officials use an assortment of bribes and threats to coerce everyone into concentrating on test results. If the scores are high, the bribes may include bonuses for teachers and schools. Students may receive food, tickets to theme parks or sporting events, exemptions from in-class final exams, and even scholarships. The threats include loss of funding or accreditation for schools, while students may be held back a year or denied a high school diploma if they don’t test well, regardless of their over-all academic record. All together, these tactics are known as ‘high stakes’ testing. There may not be data on this, but Alfie Kohn states â€Å"the people who work most closely with kids are the most likely to understand the limits of standardized tests. † He says that â€Å"support for testing seems to grow as you move away from the students, going from teacher to principal to central office administrator to school board member to state board member, state legislator, and governor. † 3 Standardized Minds by Peter Sacks talks about the unquestioned position of standardized testing which he terms â€Å"an unhealthy and enduring obsession†. He also writes about the cost of all this testing. â€Å"The amount Americans spend taking tests, preparing for tests, scoring tests, and running magnificently elaborate testing programs in schools, colleges and the workplace is stunning, probably running in the billions of dollars each year. It is possible that Americans may be taking as many as 600 million standardized tests annually, or more than two tests per year for every man, woman, and child in the United States. Unreasonable demands of ‘higher scores’ from schools has many negative results. Alfie Kohn says â€Å"Teachers are beginning to tire of the pressure, the skewed priorities, and the disrespectful treatment as they are forced to implement a curriculum largely determined by test manufacturers or state legislators. † A hostile environment develops as teachers feel the need to prove that low scores were not their fault. An unhealthy competition is set up between teachers. High-stakes testing has led to widespread cheating. Recently, Atlanta schools cheating scandal has been front page news. An article in Substance News by George N. Schmidt on Dec. 26, 2010 details the depth and breadth of the CRCT scandal. The article is part of series that has examined the statistically improbable gains in test scores in Atlanta schools and how school district officials responded to them. The money spent on this investigation could probably build a new school. The expectation of higher scores means teachers are more likely to â€Å"teach to the test’ and become drill sergeants. Other things like fine arts fall to the wayside as math and science are emphasized. From the book Standardized Minds: â€Å"Researchers have found consistently that one of the most damaging effects of large-scale, big-stakes standardized testing in schools has been to: (1) oversimplify what’s taught in school; and (2) to severely constrict what is taught to only those items most likely to appear on an upcoming standardized test. There is blame and consequence to cheating, whether it is outright erasures on tests or days of teaching the test. But it should help us to rethink the pressures on ‘high-stakes’ testing. Maybe the Atlanta cheating scandal can show us that our response to the test score is way out of line. School districts, schools, teachers, and students should not have to be tested under such extreme pressure. This threatening atmosphere makes cheating a likelihood. Grades and test scores don’t tell us what we really want to know about somebody. The Case Against Standardized Testing includes a list offered by educator Bill Ayers: â€Å"Standardized tests can’t measure initiative, creativity, imagination, conceptual thinking, curiosity, effort, irony, judgment, commitment, nuance, good will, ethical reflection, or a host of other valuable dispositions and attributes. What they can measure and count are isolated skills, specific facts and functions, the least interesting and least significant aspects of learning†. Maybe it is not a ‘bad test’ but how the results are handled. Daniel Koretz in Measuring Up talks about the limits of test scores. He says â€Å"What education leaders want is a fair, straight-forward measure of school performance, to be able to monitor schools and hold them accountable. The problem is that we tend to overestimate what tests can do. Tests are not designed to summarize all that students and schools can do†. By the same token Andrew Strenio states that â€Å"Standardized tests convey an illusion of much greater precision than they are actually capable of achieving†. Learning is a process and process is defined as movement, a series of actions or changes. That is what makes it hard to precisely measure. So maybe we should not pin so much on standardized tests. Instead, make them a component of the over-all measurement of quality achievement. Valerie Janesick states in The Assessment Debate that â€Å"Learning does not take place by sheer dumb chance or luck . It takes place by design†. She makes reference to Grant Wiggins saying â€Å"the goal is not instant reform or instant knowing but rather a continuous process that results in understanding†. Priscilla Vail states â€Å"Above all, parents, students, and educators must remember that a test only shows what one person did on one exercise on one day. A standardized test score is not a license to live or a measure of deserving oxygen and space on our planet. † The opportunity to demonstrate what you know can also be done with portfolio assessment, group or individual projects, and take-home exams. We should strive to create schools that help students flourish. We should also strive to hire administrators who can develop and implement new criteria for measuring achievement that could go along with the standardized tests. How to cite The Effects of Standardized Tests on Education, Essay examples

Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins

This paper is aimed at discussing the book Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins. In this work, he explores the underlying causes of World War I, its effects on people’s experiences, and the long-term effects of this political and social catastrophe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This topic has been examined by various historians, but Modris Eksteins takes a slightly different approach to this question. The author focuses on various aspects. In particular, he speaks about the culture of the western civilization; moreover, he mentions that war, sacrifice, and violence were inseparable parts of this culture (Eksteins 15). He tries to demonstrate the link between modernism and the political history of the western world. Moreover, the writer discusses the nature of diplomatic alliances existing at the beginning of the twentieth century. In this way, the scholar attempts to identify the motives that could have prompted various states to enter into this military conflict. This source is also aimed at examining people’s perception of this war. This is why he focuses on various literary sources as well as diaries. One of the author’s intentions is to examine the way in which soldiers grappled with this war. This is why Modris Eksteins mentions the so-called Christmas Truce (Eksteins 97). Furthermore, the writer discusses the implications of World War I. For instance, this book throws light on the rise of National Socialism in Germany and Italy (Eksteins 321). Furthermore, Modris Eksteins’s book demonstrates how this military conflict paved the way to World War II.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, he refers to the Treaty of Versailles and its limitations (Eksteins 253). These are some of the main aspects that can be identified. This book does not follow a strict chronological pattern. Moreover, Modris Eksteins can draw the connections between the events that do not seem to be related. Overall, the scholar focuses on such themes as culture, attempts to adjust the word of war, and post-war beliefs and attitudes. They are critical for describing the history of the twentieth century. The scholar looks at various countries, but he takes the greatest interest in the cultural and political history of Germany. One of the most important themes examined by the writer is the peculiarities of the Western culture. At the beginning of the book, Modris Eksteins discusses the famous ballet The Rite of Spring composed by Igor Stravinsky. He attracts the readers’ attention to the idea that the idea of human sacrifice plays an important role in this artwork. In his opinion, â€Å"the celebration of life through sacrificial death† represents the spirit of the twentieth century (Ek steins 15). Eksteins argues that the modernist art, which began to emerge during that period, â€Å"transcended reason, didacticism, and moral purpose† (Eksteins 15). Moreover, it did not portray war and suffering as something outrageous. More likely, war and violence were glorified. This is one of the main aspects that can be singled out. Yet, it is important to remember that Modris Eksteins does not fully explain the causal relations between various artworks created during that period and the military conflict which engulfed the entire Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, one can also argue that culture simply reflected the attitudes and values of many people. It might not be the driving force of history.This is one of the limitations that should not be overlooked. The writer views culture as one of the factors that cou ld have prompted some nations to enter this war. For instance, he notes for Germans, this war was a way of expanding the influence of their culture (Eksteins 77). German intellectuals emphasized the importance of a person’s inner freedom. In their opinion, this quality distinguished Germans among other European nations. Moreover, it is vital to remember that many German artists and philosophers called for a leader who could achieve greatness for the country (Eksteins 315). The combination of these worldviews greatly contributed to the violence committed by the German state. Nevertheless, this view on World War I completely excludes economic and geopolitical considerations. Additionally, Modris Eksteins does not show why similar tendencies were not observed in other countries like France or England. So, some of his conclusions can be disputed because the scholar excludes the examples that contradicts his arguments. This is one of the points that can be made. There is another i mportant theme which should not be overlooked. In particular, one should speak about people’s attempts to reconcile the experience of war with their values, customs, or traditions. The author shows how German, British or French soldiers attempted to make this existence more acceptable or livable. In this way, they attempted to show how senseless this war had been. This is one of the issues that Modris Eksteins focuses on.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, he describes a short truce during the Christmas of 1914 (Eksteins 97). This event has been described in literary and academic sources. To examine the experiences of soldiers, Modris Eksteins examines various primary sources. Among them one can distinguish the famous novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque. The author speaks about other sources which can show how people could adjust to war. Overall, this approach is helpful for understanding the hardships that soldiers had to overcome. Apart from that, this perspective is useful because it enables the readers to learn more about individual narratives that are often overlooked by historians. This part of Modris Eksteins’ book is probably the strongest one. The post-war existence of people is the theme that Modris Eksteins examines. The author admits that the end of World War I did not resolve many tensions and potential conflicts within Europe. He recognizes the limitations of the Versailles Tr eaty which placed the burden of responsibility for this war only on Germany (Eksteins 253). One can even say that it was a truce which only postponed war. This opinion is shared by other historians. Modris Eksteins is quite right in identifying the drawback of this treaty. Much attention is also paid to the culture which began to develop during that period. To a great extent, it reflected people’s need for peace and stability. Yet, there are some important trends that should be taken into account. The author speaks about the idealization of technology and will. This argument is particularly important if one speaks about Charles Lindbergh who became extremely famous for his non-stop flight from Long Island to France (Eksteins 243). The main problem is that such attitudes contributed to the idealization of people who claimed to posses the strength of will. Among them, one can certainly distinguish Adolf Hitler and Mussolini. To some degree, they wanted to be viewed as ideal hum an beings who had a right to govern or even subdue other people. These examples can be very convincing, but this line of reasoning is not applicable to such countries as England or the United States in which there were no autocratic leaders. This is one of the drawbacks that should not be overlooked. It is possible to say that the author wants to draw connections between the culture of modernism and political history of western civilization. One of the main points is that that modernism turned the political history of the twentieth century into a nightmare. Nevertheless, he does not want to admit the idea that modernism was just a response to the horrors of wars that broke out very often. This is one of the details that should be identified. Moreover, the scholar does not want to consider the conflicts between and within various countries which could have led to many military confrontations. As it has been said before, one cannot overlook economic and political history of western st ates. The cultural history of this period is certainly important, but it cannot be separated from areas of human activity. On the whole, this book can be of great interest to people, who are interested in the origins of World War I. This book is important for illustrating the attitudes and beliefs of people who lived at the beginning of the twentieth century. Moreover, this source may be helpful for examining the attitudes of people during the period between the two wars. Nevertheless, the author makes very broad generalizations that are not fully substantiated. Still, these limitations do not undermine the potential value of this book for a great number of readers. Works Cited Eksteins, Modris. Rites of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age,  New York: Mariner Books, 2000. Print. This essay on Rites of Spring by Modris Eksteins was written and submitted by user Axel C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.